New York Estate Planning & Elder Law Blog

DISCRETIONARY TRUSTS

Published on: November 24, 2015 | by Ettinger Law Firm

PROTECT ASSETS FROM CREDITORS

The Domestic Asset Protection Trust is becoming more and more popular lately in various jurisdictions. Alaska created the first such law, effective April 2, 1997, with Delaware’s law going into effect on July 9, 1997. Since that time, 13 additional states adopted some form of an asset protection trust scheme. At least one of them, Hawaii, openly states in the very language of the law itself, that it seeks to create favorable laws to attract foreign capital and entice wealthy individuals across the United States and world to deposit a portion of their net worth in Hawaii for asset and trust protection and management. It is designed to increase the assets within Hawaii’s financial sector, increase tax revenues and position itself as a leading jurisdiction in financial management. There is little uniformity across the jurisdictions. Some jurisdictions, such as Delaware, carve out an exception for child support and separate maintenance of a separated or ex-spouse, while others, such as Nevada, has no exception for child support or separate maintenance creditors.

NEW YORK LONG ESTABLISHED PROTECTIONS AGAINST CREDITORS

FAIR HOUSING ACT IN SENIOR HOUSING

Published on: November 22, 2015 | by Ettinger Law Firm

CIVIL RIGHT ACTS DEALING WITH ELDER LAW MATTERS

The Fair Housing Act of 1968 was one of the raft of civil rights acts promulgated to help make the promises of Civil Rights Era real. In its current, amended form, it prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental and financing of housing based on, among other things, disability status. The Age Discrimination Act of 1975 is another enactment that speaks to the issue of senior housing, as it bars age discrimination in any program or activity that receives federal financial assistance. While there is a “housing for older person exemption” that is beneficial for seniors who need the special services found in many communities, the right to restrict housing is limited to only certain delineated situations. Indeed, the protections for senior housing are broad and robust.

HIDDEN FAIR HOUSING VIOLATIONS ISSUES IN SENIOR HOUSING

ASSUMPTION OF POTENTIAL TAX LIABILITY MAY AFFECT ESTATE PLANNING

Published on: November 21, 2015 | by Ettinger Law Firm

GIFT TAX LIABILITY

Gift tax liability and estate planning sometimes intersect. The tax Court case of Steinberg v. Commissioner, 141 T.C. No. 8 (Sept. 30, 2013) deals with an interesting issue, if tax law can ever be interesting, where gift tax liability and estate tax liability intersect. It is important to note that the opinion deals with gift tax liability and how to measure gift tax liability, it nonetheless deals with some important estate tax implications. In 2007, Ms. Jean Steinberg gifted approximately $71,000,000 in cash and securities to her four daughters. In exchange, the daughters agreed to pay the gift taxes as well as the estate tax on the transfer should Ms. Steinberg pass away within three years of the gift transfer. An appraiser valued that the daughters assumed approximately $6,000,000 in tax liability for the estate taxes alone. When Ms. Steinberg filed her tax return, the IRS disagreed with the $6,000,000 write off, as the daughter’s assumption of estate tax liability did not increase the value of the estate. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) claimed that Ms. Steinberg owed an additional approximately $2,000,000 in taxes and mailed her a notice of deficiency.

ESTATE TAX LIABILITY

PROTECTING SENIORS – UNDERSTANDING ELDER ABUSE

Published on: November 19, 2015 | by Ettinger Law Firm

NEW YORK LAW ON ELDER ABUSE

New York, much like every other state in the country, has a system in place to deal with elder abuse. It is both preventative and remedial in nature. Many people are more familiar with analogous child abuse protection laws. Unlike child abuse protection laws, New York does not have a mandatory reporting law and does not maintain a central registry on data on elder abuse. In fact, New York is one of only four states that does not mandate reporting of elder abuse. Unique amongst the states, New York has no law at all dealing with reporting. It should be noted, however, that as of writing of the present, Assembly Bill A3743 for the 2015-2016 legislative session is pending which would create a mandatory reporting law and a central registry.

PREVALENCE OF ELDER ABUSE

FILIAL SUPPORT LAWS

Published on: November 16, 2015 | by Ettinger Law Firm

LAWS THROUGHOUT THE STATES

More than half the states have filial support laws on their books. Most states that still have filial support laws as part of its statutory code rarely enforce them. The last time that Georgia successfully enforced its filial support law was 1936. Filial support laws are now coming back into focus, as judged by the relatively recent case of John Pittas in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania more than most states has a more regular history of enforcement of its filial support statute, as judged from the several cases from 1994 and 2003. Louisiana recently enacted a filial responsibility act on June 29, 2015. North Dakota enforced its filial support law in 2013 when Four Season’s Healthcare Center sought payment from Elden Linderkamp, although the outcome of that case placed much weight on an allegedly fraudulent transfer of the parents land. These cases are the outliers, however.

ENFORCEMENT IN NEW YORK

WHEN YOUR ATTORNEY IS A POTENTIAL WITNESS IN SURROGATE COURT

Published on: November 16, 2015 | by Ettinger Law Firm

WITNESS ADVOCATE RULE

In New York, as well as perhaps every other jurisdiction, an attorney may not serve as an attorney as well as a witness in the same case. Rules of Professional Conduct, Rule 3.7 is mandatory and not permissive. It does not matter if it is a bench trial, jury trial, traffic court case or surrogate’s court case. In fact, the rule is so important to judicial administration that even partners and members of the same firm cannot act as a witnesses. Courts refer to the issue as the lawyer-witness rule and it comes up often enough in surrogate court cases. The June 2, 2015 case of Will of Lublin, 2015 NY Slip Op 31038(U) is a good example of how estate lawyers face these issues. While the lawyer in Lublin avoided the issue of Rule 3.7, a small change could have made it not so. Very briefly, the decedent, Mr. Irving Lublin, executed a will in 1997 and passed away in 2010. Someone objected, claiming that the decedent did not have sufficient mental capacity to create such a will, the will was not properly executed and that the will was the result of fraud and undue influence. The lawyer who drafted the will was deposed during the discovery phase. If, perhaps, the attorney who created the will also represented the executor, an entirely plausible and even relatively normal scenario, the attorney would be disqualified, as he/she would be a material witness.

UNIQUE POSITION IN THE CASE

FINE ART, ANTIQUES AND OTHER COLLECTIBLES IN ESTATE PLANNING

Published on: November 14, 2015 | by Ettinger Law Firm

SELL NOW OR PASS ON

The issue of how to deal with the collection of fine art that you amassed over the years should be dealt with now rather than allowing your heirs decide for you. Perhaps your heirs do not have any appreciation for your original Ansel Adams or Edward Curtis photo collections. If you view it as an investment, then timing your sale to maximize profit should be the most important criteria. Timing may not be right for several years or it may be right now. If you are looking to maximize profit which will only go to to your estate, you may consider waiting to pass it on. If, you happen to value your art collection because of its intrinsic artistic value, you have another set of criteria by which to make your decision. Perhaps you have a family member you know would appreciate it more than say your son or daughter. Perhaps you should sell it to insure that the artistic value continues to be appreciated. Country Living spotlighted an artistic marble collector who decided to sell his collection to insure that it would continue to be appreciated. In any event, Capital gains tax on collectibles, gift tax and estate tax, both state and federal, must all be considered.

ESTATE TAX

PLANNING FOR YOUR PETS IN YOUR ESTATE

Published on: November 12, 2015 | by Ettinger Law Firm

NEW YORK TRUSTS FOR PETS

Some animals are undoubtedly beloved pets. They provide us with love and companionship, while there are other animals that are more than pets. For example, horses are an investment, they are a partner in exercise, they help some children with therapy and a comrade to see the world with if you ever had the distinct pleasure of exploring the wilderness on horseback. Seeing eye dogs or other therapeutically trained animals are literal life savers in some cases. All of these animals are deserving of the full legal protections that you can provide to them. Pet trusts are not tools reserved for the rich and eccentric. As of 2012, 46 states (and the District of Columbia) have laws in effect that allow for pet trusts. In 1996, the New York legislature enacted NY EPTL § 7-8.1, which allows for the care of any pet or animal by way of a trust, which terminates when the beneficiary animal dies. In fact, pet trusts are so popular and well ingrained in the law, that there is a model, uniform law, found at Uniform Trust Code 402. Pet trusts are now practically commonplace.

WILL VERSUS TRUST

WHAT IS LOST AFTER DIAGNOSIS OF DEMENTIA

Published on: November 7, 2015 | by Ettinger Law Firm

LEGAL RIGHTS

The highly charged trial of former Iowa legislature Henry V. Rayhons is now over. Five months ago, jurors voted to acquit the Defendant of third degree sexual assault. One of the voting jurors was a local reporter who wrote a revealing and no doubt personally difficult article. The article and ultimate outcome of the case should give pause to anyone who thinks that our system of justice is broken. By all accounts, the jurors all made their decision based on the evidence and took their job seriously and with the utmost integrity. The larger question that the case spawns, which can now be discussed given that some time has elapsed, is the issue of what rights do dementia patients retain? More particularly, can a dementia patient consent to intimate contact with loved ones? For example, can a husband of over 50 years, in the privacy of his wife’s room embrace her in an intimate and loving fashion? What if the grandchild gives the same loving embrace? Can the spouse sleep in the same bed without concern for legal liability? Leaving the issue of intercourse aside, sexual expression is perhaps one of the most profound and important rights.

MEDICAL AND ETHICAL PERSPECTIVE

LACKING IN MENTAL CAPACITY AND FAMILY, WHO DECIDES

Published on: November 6, 2015 | by Ettinger Law Firm

On June 24, 2015 a trial Court in California invalidated a California law as unconstitutional, which created a default surrogate decision maker when that individual is mentally incapacitated and does not have a family member, or anyone else for that matter, to make key decisions for them. The law and the issues addressed are not limited to California. Even though by definition, the law deals with individuals with no proxy decision maker, that does not mean someone did not exist in the past or could not step up to become one. Proxy decision makers pass away themselves, they move or simply just fade away and no longer attend to their responsibilities. New York law deals with these issues in a rather collaborative way. In 2010, New York enacted the New York Family Health Care Decisions Act, which creates a decision ladder for medical professionals who need to know with whom to check with for certain critical decisions. It was designed to avoid the parade of horribles that the California law dealt with. Certainly, no one wants a loved one or relative, even a distant relative, to have to rely on these provisions; they are used as a last resort.

DETERMINATION OF INCAPACITY

In the absence of a health care proxy, The New York Family Health Care Decisions Act begins to shape decisions, for all intents and purposes, at the time of the determination of incapacity.