Articles Posted in Estate Planning

Market Watch reported last month on new research that suggests that many community members are misinformed about the cost of certain types of insurance. As New York estate planning attorneys we understand the importance of life insurance policies in many local resident’s financial planning efforts. Similarly, an important part of an elder law estate plan often involves securing long-term care insurance. Misinformation about the practicalities of these insurance options may leave local residents less legally and financially secure down the road.

The latest research focuses mostly on life insurance and was conducted by LIMRA and the non-profit group, LIFE (Life and Health Insurance Foundation for Education). Most surprisingly, the effort–conducted via surveys–found that consumers often overestimate the cost of life insurance. The confusion about the costs means that some families may have less protection than they need.

The research involved asking respondents to estimate the cost of different types of policies. The average estimates were four to seven times higher than the actual cost. For example, the annual cost of a 20-year, $250,000 life-insurance policy for a healthy 30-year old is about $150, but the average consumer guess was over $400.

This is the time of year when many teenagers and young adults end one chapter of their lives and prepare for the next. It is also a time for many families to consider how far they’ve come and what the future holds for themselves and their loved ones. For those graduating high school, the obvious next step is college. Our New York estate planning attorneys are intimately aware of the challenges of paying for a college education these days–tuitions seem on a never-ending upward spiral.

No matter what the family financial situation, there is benefit to properly planning for these costs and understanding the implications of certain financial decisions. For example, Daily News published a story this week on the way that grandparent gifts to grandchildren heading to college can be properly tailored to meet tax goals. The story noted how the tremendous student loan burden faced by so many college graduates make tuition support one of the best gifts any grandparent (or other loved one) can provide to a young person.

But not only is the gift an act of generosity, it may be a particular prudent financial decision this year. Right now the lifetime gift and estate tax exemption rate is at $5 million. The level is set to drop down to $1 million next year. It may be logical to take advantage of these rates, so that assets can be passed on now instead of through one’s estate.

We previously discussed the Supreme Court case Astrue v. Capato. At root in the case was the issue of whether or not children conceived after the death of a parent are entitled to federal survivorship benefits. It is important to note that this refers only to those whose actual conception occurred following the passing, usually using frozen sperm that was saved while the parent was still alive. While representing a relatively small group of children, our New York City estate planning lawyers know that these sorts of techniques are actually growing in popularity. Cancer patients and military servicemembers are the most likely to take advantage of this option.

The father of the children that sparked this case had his sperm frozen after being diagnosed with cancer in 2000–he passed away in 2002. Not long after his passing, his wife became pregnant with twins. After their birth she applied to the U.S. Social Security Administration for survivorship benefits. The agency denied the claim, sparking a lawsuit.

The district court sided with the SSA in denying the claim because application of the state intestacy laws would not have allowed the children to recover. On appeal, the U.S. Court of Appeals reversed. The U.S. Supreme Court agreed to hear the case and arguments were made in the middle of March.

Some local residents might be tempted to come up with short-cut methods of New York estate planning. Unfortunately, many of these efforts not only fail to work as intended, but they may actually lead to many unintended consequences. For example, some senior residents may be tempted to protect their family home–often their largest asset–by transferring ownership of the home to an adult child. There is a misonception that this is a smart way to protect the home from potential long-term care costs, save on estate taxes, and avoid probate.

While this step is well-intentioned, it is crucial that local families understand the serious risks of this move and the superior alternative methods of accomplishing the same goals.

A Huffington Post story this week shared a cautionary tale of one senior that took this step, only to learn of the unintended consequences far too late. An adult daughter and her family moved into the elderly man’s home after the man’s wife died. Eventually, for the purposes mentioned above, the senior transferred ownership interests in his house to his daughter. However, not long after this step, tragedy struck–the adult daughter died unexpectedly. The 34-year old had not conducted any estate planning–she did not even have a will.

New York estate planning is a family affair–husbands, wives, children, grandchildren and others all have a stake in ensuring that planning is done properly and timely. This might lead some to wonder whether each individual with a stake in the planning needs their own lawyer. In particular, in blended families (involving subsequent marriages), does each individual spouse have adverse interests such that a single lawyer cannot represent them both in their planning?

That was a question discussed in a Forbes story this week.

Of course, in certain family situations it is usually vital that couples have separate counsel. For example, while certain types of uncontested divorces exist, in most cases couples going through a separation must have their own legal advocate, because the entire process is contentious.

TV Star Gary Coleman died unexpectedly nearly two years ago in May 2010. He was only 42 years old. Coleman had some previous estate planning measures handled, because his former manager was apparently named as executor and beneficiary of his estate as early as 2005. However, the plan does not seem to have been updated in any way in the intermediate five years, even though many changes took place in his life.

This has led to an on-going feud that continues to drag out under the public eye–a reminder of the need to update estate plans and the value of privacy that these plans provide.

In 2005, Coleman met a woman, Shannon Price, on the set of a movie. The two began dating and were married about two years later. However, the marriage was apparently a rocky one, and the two divorced less than a year after the wedding. The couple remained living together after the divorce. In fact, it was Coleman’s ex-wife who discovered that he had fallen in the home in 2010. And it was his ex-wife who made the decision to take Coleman off life support after suffering a severe head injury in the fall.

Most discussion about taxes and death involve the “estate tax.” This is a tax imposed on certain assets usually given to others as an inheritance by a deceased individual. However, after a passing there are still other tax issues that surviving family members have to deal with, even if estate taxes are not a concern. For example, Kiplinger News published a helpful story last month that discusses the federal income tax issues faced after a death. The IRS demands a final accounting–an added stress for families dealing with an already stressful situation.

A final income tax return must be filed after one’s passing. This task usually falls to an executor or administrator of an estate. However, if none are named then a surviving family member must deal with it. Figuring out what income needs to be included on that final tax return is not easy. Depending on when income is earned or received it may be included on the deceased’s tax return or instead taxed as part of the estate. For example, interest earned on accounts is only considered income on the personal tax return up to the date of the passing. The interest that accrues after that date is taxed to either the beneficiary or the estate.

In general, actual monetary inheritances are not subject to the federal income tax. However, the article highlights one major exception–funds in IRAs, company retirement plans, like 401(k)s, and annuities. These funds are treated as “income in respect of a decedent” and taxed to the heir. Then again, Roth IRAs and Roth 401(k)s are an exception to the exception, with unique rules all their own.

Well-known architect and designer Eliot Noyes died thirty five years ago, in 1977. Some of his prized possessions were large mobiles by famous sculptor Alexander Calder. Calder was a personal friend of Noyes, and the artwork was commissioned especially to fit the family home. Upon Noyes’s death there was no major issue with what would happen to the sculptures, because his wife inherited all of the family assets. Estate planning had been conducted such that she could keep the mobiles without having any complicated tax issues.

However, Molly Noyes passed away in 2010, leaving behind four children who will split the family assets. Unfortunately, the family did not specifically decide how certain possessions would be divided after the matriarch’s death, and so they were left in a conundrum. At first the children did not want to give up the unique, valuable art that had been in their family home for decades. Eventually they decided that it would be best to sell the pieces. When talking about the valuable sculptures one child explained, “There are four of us and two of them. The math didn’t work.”

That is why two sculptures will be auctioned off at Christie’s next week. One of the pieces, Untitled, is expected to fetch $3 – $4 million while the second, Snow Flurry, is valued slightly higher at $3.5 – $4.5 million.

One of the most common estate planning mistakes is failure to change names on the title of assets and beneficiary designations. This rarely a problem when one first visits with an estate planning lawyer to create a new plan, because, so long as the work is competent, the professional will ensure these issues are properly handled. However, when one tries to handle matters on their own or does not properly update their plan to account for life changes, then even a plan that was good at the time will not work when needed.

Wills and trusts are legal documents that name beneficiaries for assets that pass via the will or are placed in the trust. However, regardless of what is said in a will or a trust documents, many significant assets may have their own beneficiary designations. Those designations will control who gets the asset.

Beneficiary designations apply frequently with assets like IRAs, 401(k)s, company benefit plans, and insurance plans. These assets have their own “payable upon death” designations which decide who will receive benefits, regardless of what other estate planning documents indicate.